A spread footing.
Why does a wider footing lower ground pressure?
Why does a wider footing lower ground pressure?
Fit every essential assembly before testing the load path.
A centered vertical load spreads over the true contact area.
Illustrative educational model with chosen dimensions and materials, not an engineering design, capacity certification, code-compliance check or safety recommendation. Uniform centered contact on sandy gravel, whose presumptive allowable bearing pressure is 3,000 psf (143.6 kPa) in IBC 2021 Table 1806.2. Above that pressure the model treats the footing as settled; it does not predict how far. No groundwater or reinforcement design.
Reduce the illustrative average contact pressure to 100 kPa or less.
Compare contact pressure with footing width and column load.