How an electric motor turns.
How does electricity become rotation?
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How does electricity become rotation?
Install the field, coil and commutator, then complete the battery route.
Current in a coil experiences forces in a magnetic field. Those forces produce torque. A split-ring commutator switches the current direction as the coil turns, keeping the useful torque pointing the same way. Reversing the supply reverses rotation.
Ideal 100-turn, 0.01 m² coil. Peak torque NIAB; commutator supplies repeated torque. Current is set independently; friction and battery internal resistance are omitted.
Turn a powered coil, then reverse its direction.
Turn a powered coil, then reverse its direction.