The membrane admits glucose.

How does a signal change a membrane’s transport?

Setting up the mechanism…

Membrane GLUT4: 0.00carrier equivalents

Net glucose transport: 0.00nmol/min
Direction: No net transport

Fit the specimen and set conditions before running.

How does a signal change a membrane’s transport?

In this muscle-cell patch, insulin receptor activity recruits GLUT4 from an internal vesicle. These carriers facilitate glucose movement down its gradient.

flux = carriers · ΔC / (5 + |ΔC|)

What this model simplifies

Single skeletal-muscle cell patch: 8 GLUT4 carriers, illustrative 1 nmol/min per-carrier maximum and 5 mmol/L saturation constant. Occupancy is not a drug dose; other cells use different transport systems.

Read the source · openstax.org ↗

Put it to work.

Recruit transporters and move glucose down its concentration gradient.

Make it work.

Find how receptor activity changes glucose transport.

Run

Fine adjustments 3

Receptor occupancy

Outside glucosemmol/L

Inside glucosemmol/L

The membrane admits glucose.

How does a signal change a membrane’s transport?

Loading the experiment…

Figuvo

Understand by doing.

Understanding is something you do.

Figuvo is a place to look inside everyday things, build a connection, and discover the idea behind them.

177 interactive experiments. Each has a working model and a challenge to test what you found.

The original inspiration

Levers & fulcrums The surprising gyroscope The field cannon Inside the human body

Original demonstrations by The Bugged Dev. The teaching models and interactions here are new implementations.

Community builds

New teaching models inspired by public builds shared around Anatomy.

Anatomy · the original announcement How a rocket pushes through space · Gustavo Inside a tactile key switch · @retaqib Pressure through the coffee bed · Gustavo The overbalance wheel · Shawn A seconds pendulum clock · @Baconbrix Three feet on the ground · Soju Inside a layered particle detector · Yash A double-deck pressure cabin · Charlie Leave the spent booster behind · @quantapar Principal, interest and escrow · Sean Gear a Martian year · @samani_Two balls in, two balls out · @samani_Two slits, one probability pattern · @samani_Join through a clear plastic cover · Josh Brown Lay pipe without a sharp bend · @Phi10w Eight cylinders and a blower · @love4hxns Four columns under a Joglo roof · Nur Asyrof An office for dependent tasks · Yaroslav Yablonski One image, six editable layers · Meng To The Redis caching machine · @uviii_03 Inside the Sony CMD-J5 · Ann Afterburner thrust stand · Joshua Guo Open-back headphones · Surajan Shrestha Two-thread lockstitch machine · @slashui Signal factory · Dhruval Golakiya

Human anatomy and physiology

The membrane admits glucose.

How does a signal change a membrane’s transport?

Setting up the mechanism…

Membrane GLUT4: 0.00carrier equivalents

Net glucose transport: 0.00nmol/min
Direction: No net transport

Fit the specimen and set conditions before running.

How does a signal change a membrane’s transport?

In this muscle-cell patch, insulin receptor activity recruits GLUT4 from an internal vesicle. These carriers facilitate glucose movement down its gradient.

flux = carriers · ΔC / (5 + |ΔC|)

What this model simplifies

Read the source · openstax.org ↗

Put it to work.

Recruit transporters and move glucose down its concentration gradient.

Make it work.

Find how receptor activity changes glucose transport.

Run

Fine adjustments 3

Receptor occupancy

Outside glucosemmol/L

Inside glucosemmol/L