Hot air balloon.
Why does heated air lift a balloon?
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Why does heated air lift a balloon?
Fit the components, then test the mechanism.
At the same pressure, hotter air has lower density. The displaced outside air provides buoyancy, but the air inside still has weight. Only their mass difference can lift the envelope, basket, fuel and people.
Ideal gas at equal pressure; sea-level dry-air reference 1.225 kg/m³ at 15°C. No altitude or climb-speed prediction.
Lift at least 500 kg of dry mass.
Lift the dry mass with heated air.